Family-based Green Card
Investment-based Green Card
Employment-based Green Card
How long will it take to get a family-based green card?
This will depend on which family category you are in. It’s important to understand that for many green cards, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services only issues a limited number of visas each year and the demand is always greater than the supply. Read on to learn if your category is considered to be “immediate” or if you will be on the waiting list for several years.
F-1: Immediate Relative
The immediate relative category allows you to get your green card right away. This means you don’t have to wait for a visa number to become available as with the other family categories. However, there are only a few relationships that qualify. Marriage to a U.S. citizen, being a parent of an adult U.S. citizen, or being a minor child of a U.S. citizen are the only family relationships where you won’t have to wait. This is also the only category where being out of status in the U.S. (you overstayed the 6 months given to Canadians upon entry) won’t prevent you from being admissible for adjusting to a lawful permanent resident.
F-2, F-3, F-4: Other Family
All categories that are not an immediate relative require waiting several years for a green card. The date when a visa number will become available for you changes each month, depending on the newest counts of visas allocated and remaining for the year. The other big difference between this and the immediate relative category is that you must be in lawful status if you want to apply for your green card while in the U.S. Otherwise, you need to wait in Canada for your visa. Once that date arrives, you will be able to process your application through the U.S. Consulate in Canada and then arrive in the U.S. as a lawful permanent resident.
Special Concerns
There are some situations, particularly for children who are getting close to the age of 21, that can present challenges when applying for a green card. This is because once your child turns 21 they will move to a different category that takes longer or they may not even qualify anymore if they are already in the U.S. Other unique situations can arise with step-children, adopted children, or if you divorce or become a widow/widower while your family petition is in process. Our goal is to ensure you are fully aware of any potential obstacles so that they can be prevented before they become a hindrance to your application approval.
How do I get an employment-based green card?
Your U.S. employer may be able to sponsor you for a green card in a similar manner that a U.S. relative can petition for you. This process requires considerable more work and documentation. The employment categories for green cards are broken down into EB-1, EB-2, EB-3, EB-4 and EB-5. Just like the family categories, each has its own schedule of how soon the visa is available.
EB-1 Priority Workers
The extraordinary ability category is the only one where no employer sponsor is needed. The individual must posses extraordinary ability in the arts, sciences, education, business or athletics which is demonstrated by national or international acclaim. The outstanding researcher or professor category is used for those recognized internationally for their outstanding achievements in a particular field. An executive or manager transferred to the U.S. may also qualify for the EB-1 green card if the U.S. company can petition for the executive. No labor certification is required for these EB-1 workers.
EB-2: Advanced Degrees, Physician, Exceptional Ability
The categories for the EB-2 green card are: professionals with advanced degrees (any degree above a B.A.), physicians who will practice in a U.S. under-served area, and those with exceptional ability in the arts, sciences, or business. Plus, there is a special National Interest Waiver which exempts the professional from needing a labor certification if the employment is of substantial merit that will benefit the country nationally.
EB-3: B.A. Degree, Skilled, Unskilled Workers
This is the most popular category because it encompasses many individuals. Professionals with a B.A. degree, skilled workers with at least 2 years of experience, and unskilled workers with less than two years of training or experience all may qualify for a green card, if their U.S. employer can petition for them. Here, a labor certification is required (except for Nurses and Physical Therapists).
EB-4: Religious Worker
A member of a religious denomination that is coming to work in the U.S. as a minister, rabbi, priest, or religious worker such as religious counselor may qualify for a green card if the employer can petition for them. In the EB-4 category a labor certification is not required, meaning that the employer does not have to attest that there is no U.S. worker available for the job. The ability to get a religious worker green card will no longer be available after Sept. 30, 2016 unless the President signs into law an extension.
EB-5: Investment
This is what some call “buying a green card,” because a foreign national can invest $500,000 to $1,000,000 in a U.S. commercial enterprise that will produce at least 10 U.S. jobs, and obtain a green card. The United States has declared about 1,000 business enterprises throughout the country as Regional Centers to promote economic growth. Half of the 10,000 yearly EB-5 visas are available for Regional Center investment. These visas run out fast each year making it critical to work with a qualified immigration attorney and business plan expert that is knowledgeable about how to navigate through this complex process.
Labor Certification, PERM
A labor certification is a process the U.S. employer goes through under the Department of Labor, to make sure that a qualified U.S. worker cannot be found for the job. The process is called PERM (Program Electronic Review Management) and is the first step for many in the EB-2 and EB-3 category that wish to obtain a green card. PERM requires the employer to advertise the job and recruit any willing and able U.S. workers before being able to hire the foreign worker.
Overwhelmed by the options?
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